Vermont, abbreviated VT or Vt., Is a state farthest northwest of New England in the United States. The state has an area of 24,900 km2 and, with 623,657 residents, is the US’s second smallest state in population, by Wyoming (US Census, 2017). The capital is Montpelier.
The name is of French Vert Mont, ‘green mountain’, which the first French colonists called the area because of the evergreen conifers that cover much of the mountainous areas. Vermont is often called The Green Mountain State.
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Geography
The Green Mountains run north-south through the state, with peaks up to 1339 meters. in Mount Mansfield in the north. The rounded mountain and ridge landscape separates the lowlands around Lake Champlain in the west from the valley along Connecticut in the east, the border river to New Hampshire. Most rivers drain into Lake Champlain, which has drains to the Saint Lawrence River through the Richelieu River. By the way, there are over 400 lakes. 3 / 4 of the land is wooded.
The climate is continental, with significant temperature variations between summer and winter. Winter is cold, with large amounts of snow, summer quite warm. Mean values in Burlington are –8.3 °C in January, 21.1 °C in July, and 820 mm of rainfall.
Population
92.9 per cent of the population are white, 1.9 per cent Hispanic and 1.4 per cent black. Only 1 / 3 of the population lives in cities. Largest city is Burlington on Lake Champlain. Vermont has an important element of French Canadians. Main denominations are Protestants, Catholics, Methodists and Baptists.
Business
Only about 15 percent of the area is cultivated and animal husbandry is important. Feed crops, potatoes and apples are grown. The large forests with spruce, pine and maple provide the basis for a significant wood and wood processing industry, as well as an important book printing industry. The country’s largest production of maple sugar. In addition, machine tools and electronic components are manufactured.
Granite, marble and slate are mainly extracted from minerals. Vermont has beautiful scenery with many lakes and good skiing and winter sports which attracts many tourists. An increasing proportion of the population work in service industries.
History
Vermont was visited by Samuel de Champlain in 1609, and from 1724 colonized from New England. In 1777 Vermont was founded as the Free Republic of New Connecticut. The name was later changed to Vermont.
Vermont was the first state to abolish slavery in 1777 and was first denied access to the union. In 1791, Vermont became a member of the Union as the 14th state, as an independent and sovereign state that belonged neither to the original 13 US states nor to the United Kingdom.
The state has an extensive local democracy and many cities decide political issues at public meetings (direct democracy). Vermont sends two senators and one representative to Congress in Washington DC.
