Agriculture & Fisheries
The agriculture is still far from a large proportion (30% in 2017) of the gross domestic product of the agricultural state of Tanzania met. The landwirtschaftliche production is four-fifths of the population of their own subsistence, and whose main source of income. Up to 65% of the population are employed in this sector. The most important crops (also for export) are mainly rice, wheat, corn and soy. Avocados have also recently been grown in northern Tanzania. The main food in Tanzania is thick corn porridge (ugali), which is often eaten with beans or leafy greens and – when available – meat. Farmers did benefit from the deregulation of the markets benefits, but the overall level of agricultural production is still extremely low, so that regional famines occur again and again. The agricultural sector still needs new investments, financing models and innovations in order to further develop agriculture in Tanzania. As in other African countries, rural areas lag far behind the developments in the cities: while in the countryside itself the power supply is a vague vision of the future in many places, in the cities wireless Internet connections have long been used for communication worldwide.
The fishing plays not only on the coast but also in the Great Lakes, especially Lake Victoria, a major role – often associated with high pollution and illegal fishing that threatens the existence of many people. Another problem is dynamite fishing, which is still practiced in Tanzania despite increased manhunt and causes massive damage to coral reefs.
Industry and mining
According to dentistrymyth, the craft is just like the Tanzanian industrial production, made even more weak. Tanzania is one of the least industrialized countries in the world. Only 5% of the workforce is involved in industrial production, which is also concentrated in the cities of Dar es Salaam and Arusha. Studies still confirm that Tanzania has very good growth prospects. Among the sectors of the economy is mainly the mining exemplary of this ambivalent development: This is dominated by foreign companies, but also in a special way to recovery contributed to the economy and is the great hope of the economy. In the mining sector, industrial gold mining in particular, but also micro- gold mining, have made a significant contribution to this development. Also is very controversial, the planned uranium mining in Tanzania, in addition to gas and oil production, the industrial development to boost.
Tourism
Tanzania, with its famous national parks, the legendary spice island Zanzibar and Kilimanjaro, is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Africa. UNESCO has recognized seven sites as World Heritage in Tanzania. Every year over a million vacationers flock to the East African country to experience the multifaceted nature and culture of Tanzania. After the USA and Great Britain, Germany accounts for the third largest proportion of visitors to mainland Tanzania.
The tourism sector, with a share of 8.2% of total employment in 2017, one of the major employers and employed directly 446,000 Tanzanians. The income from tourism amounted to almost 2.7 billion USD in the same year, which made up a direct share of 4.7% of the Tanzanian GDP. Tourism has now become the largest foreign exchange earner and is one of the fastest growing branches of the economy in the country with an expected growth rate of 7.2% per year until 2028.
A World Bank report confirmed Tanzania’s tourist potential, which has so far only been exploited to a small extent. For example, Tanzania has more tourist attractions than South Africa, but only reaches a tenth of the number of visitors. The World Bank recommends a number of courses of action, such as geographical diversification, greater involvement of local communities and small businesses, and simplification of state taxation for tourism companies. Travel providers have recently reported a slight decline in visitor numbers and attribute this to the high VAT rate of 18%. The World Bank is providing a loan of USD 150 million to Tanzania to sustainable tourism in the south of the country and develop more strongly.
Further challenges are the often inadequate training of local employees in the accommodation and transport industry, as well as difficult access to a work permit for foreign specialists. The national tourism college should therefore provide more practical training. Tourist guides can also complete formal training to improve their professional and ethical competence.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has also caused a significant decline in the number of tourists in Tanzania. Although the government has opened the borders and there are few restrictions in the country, tourists are slow to return.
Informal sector
By definition, the informal sector is that part of the economy that is not recorded in official statistics. However, official estimates assume that in fact more than half of the national income is generated by ‘hawkers’ (wamachingas), street kitchens (Mama Lishe) and other activities in the ‘hot sun sector’ (Jua Kali sector) of Tanzania becomes. The expansion of the microfinance system should also offer the informal sector new development opportunities. The development of ‘Mobile Money’, where you can transfer money by mobile phone is of particular importance for the rural population, who were previously largely excluded from banking. Almost 50% of the adult population in Tanzania now uses this service.
